Vocab week 10

Lit terms

·         Novella – A work longer than the standard short story, but shorter than a full novel. 

o   Spanish TV is mostly game shows, news, and “telenovelas”

§  Short 6-12 week shows with LOTS of Melodrama.

·         Oxymoron – a combination of contradictory terms

o   Jumbo shrimp, tough love

·         Paradox – A statement that seems contradictory to common sense, yet may in fact, be true.

o   The coach considered this  a good loss.

·         Parody – a form of literature that intentionally uses comic effect to mock a literary work or style.

o   Galaxy quest, Vampires suck, etc.

·         Pathetic fallacy – a form of personification giving human traits to nature

o   Cruel sea, howling wind, dancing raindrops, singing trees, etc.

Spelling words

1.  Dilemma –

2.  dilapidated – run down

3.  discrepancy – mismatch

4.  Dissatisfied – not happy

5.  dyeing – coloring

6.  effervescent – bubbly

7.  embarrass – shame

8.  eminent – very close, nearly here

9.  etiquette – proper manners

10.  foliage – leaves and plants

Grammar link

·         Transitive verbs – A verb that communicates action – something has to follow.

o   The city council passed the new ordinance

o   John blew his nose on his mom’s nice new towell.

o   The boy kicked his skateboard after wrecking for the 15^th time.

·         Intransitive verbs – a verb that is complete on its own.  Doesn’t need anything else to help out with meaning.

o   The boy  flew on his skateboard

o   He jumped and flipped and twisted.

Vocab week 9

vocab Week 9

Spelling words:

Contemptible – Disgust/disgrace/dispicable

Coolly – Without panic or haste

Corroborate – to agree on the facts

Counterfeit – fake

Curriculum -  school lessons

Debtor – Owes you money

Deferred – Put off till later

Deficit – shortfall/insufficient

Desirous – hoping for

Deteriorate – Break down

Lit Terms:  These have nothing to do with each other, so put them on separate lines.

1.  Hubris – Excessive pride.  In Greek literature (usually a tragedy, or sad play) hubris is often viewed as the flaw that leads to the downfall of the tragic hero. 

·         Example:  Achilles Heel.  Achilles was impossible to wound in battle, having been dipped in the river Styx as a baby.  But his heel was vulnerable because that’s where they held him when he was dipped in the river.   Because of this vulnerability, he (and his armies) eventually was defeated.

2.  Impressionism – The recording of events or situations as they have been impressed upon the mind. 

·         Example:  Sharing your childhood memories of winter.  The  soft snow, the biting wind, the frosty air, etc. 

o   “Where the Red Fern Grows” is another very good example of this.  You feel the boy’s aches, pains, joys, and triumphs right along with him as he works to buy and then hunts with his dogs.

3.  Local Color – the use of language and details that are common to a certain region of the country.  We’ve already learned a strong synonym for this word.  Can you remember it?

4.  Malapropism – A type of pun or play on words where two words become jumbled in the speaker’s mind. 

Example:  “Go take a shower” becomes “Go shake a tower.”  This is the kind of thing that happens in poor Mr. Hawley’s head all the time when he tries to speak too fast, and is the reason I often have to sart a stentecne over, I mean start a sentence over.

5.  Melodrama – Extreme  or exaggeerated form of acting.  Think soap operas.  “JOHN!  Your baby is my Uncle’s cousin’s nephew’s dog’s best friend, and I WON’T stand for it anymore!!!” 

·         Playmill Theater in West Yellowstone puts on Melodramas (exaggerated plays) every summer that are extremely hilarious.  I strongly encourage you all to go to one some summer with your family!!!!!

Journal – Write an impressionistic piece about when you learned to ride a bike, skateboard, roller skates, etc.  Try to bring back all the details for others to feel, see, hear, and otherwise experience in general.  

·         High School – 1 full page.

·         8^th grade – ¾ page

·         7^th grade – ½ page

·         Due Wednesday.

Vocab 8

Week 8

Figure of Speech – a literary device used to create a special effect or feeling by making some type of interesting or creative comparison

·         Antithesis – an opposition or contrast, of ideas

·         Hyperbole – Extreme exaggeration or overstatement

·         Metaphor – A comparison of two unlike things NOT using the words “like or as”

·         Metonymy – The substituting of one word for another

o   The White House (It’s really the President) has decided to create a new jobs program.

·         Personification – Describing an object with qualities of people.

o   She’s an ugly old brute, but she gets me there and back everyday.

Spelling 8:

Census – a count

Chimney – Smoke stack

Complexion – Facial health

Concurred – agreed with

Concurrent – happening at the same time

Condemn – To harshly criticize

Condescend – to lower yourself

Conscientious – Thoughtful

Consensus – Agreement among all

Consignment – Shipment or load

Auxiliary Verbs!!! There are ALWAYS two of them!!!!!

Just a fancy way of saying “Helping verbs”  These are used to form some of the tenses, the mood, and the voice of the main verb.

                Am, is, are, was, were, have, has, had, be, been, being

                Will, would, can, could, shall, should

                Must, may, might, do, did, done

Linking Verbs!

NOT used the same as helping (auxiliary) verbs, but can use the same words.  Linking verbs link the subject to a noun or an adjective in the main part of the sentence.

·         Is, are, was, were, be, been, am, smell, seem, grow, become, appear, sound, taste, feel, remain, stay, look, turn, get

o   I am happy.

o   They need to grow up.

Spelling, lit terms, grammar notes week 4, 5, 6, 7

Spelling, Literary Terms, Grammar notes for week 4:

Lit Term

Denouement – The final resolution or outcome of a play or a story.  “And they lived happily ever after.”

                Name the denouement

1.  Abbreviate - shorten

2.  Abscess – sore, inflamed skin

3.  Accede – to agree

4.  Accommodate – help out

5.  Accurate - right

6.  Ache – pain

7.  Acquaintance - friend

8.  Acquiesce – to give in

9.  Adjourn – to suspend, pause

10.  Admissible – allowable

Misplaced Modifiers – Add more info to a word

– modifiers that have been placed incorrectly; so the meaning of the sentence is not clear.  Modifiers should be placed as close as possible to the word they modify.

·         We have an assortment of combs for active people with unbreakable teeth.

·         Eagerly awaiting her birthday, Mary's presents were all picked up and admired by Mary many times throughout the course of the day.

·         Princess Beatrice was photographed running in the surf on the island of St Barts with her American boyfriend Dave Clark dressed in a blue bikini last month

·         They just said it's going to rain on the radio

·         You are welcome to visit the cemetery where famous Russian composers, artists, and writers are buried daily, except on Thursdays.

·         Her only full-time paid employee is a pleasant young woman with a nose ring named Rebecca, who sits at the front desk.

·         She handed out brownies to children wrapped in Tupperware.

Dangling Modifiers

A word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence.  A modifier describes, clarifies, or gives more detail about a concept.

·         Having finished the assignment, the TV was turned on

·         Having arrived late for practice, a written excuse was needed

·         Without knowing his name, it was difficult to introduce him

·         To improve his results, the experiment was done again

·         The experiment was a failure, not having studied the lab manual carefully

Week 5

Diction – an author’s choice of words based on thier correctness, clearness, or effectiveness

·         Archaic – old fashioned phrases or words – Wherefore art thou?

·         Colloquialism – local speech patterns common to a certain area.  Very informal – I used to could.

·         Jargon – Technical, specific language used by specialty groups.  504, IEP, ELL, SIP, Mom and Dad

·         Profanity – disrespect for sacred things

·         Slang – very common, street language – take a chill pill, chillax!

·         Vulgarity – swearing, gross, crude language.  – used too often in movies to make it “Real.”

Spelling

1.  Aerial – In the sky

2.  Affect – the input  (Effect – the outcome)

3.  Agreeable

4.  Aisle – tiny passageway on planes

5.  Alcohol – Libations

6.  Alignment – how things line up

7.  All right – OK – NEVER one word!!!!!!!

8.  Anecdote – story with a point to it.

9.  Annihilate – completely destroy

10.  anonymous – secret identity

Antecedent – Always goes with a pronoun.  Identifies the pronoun in the sentence.  I went with Margaret to the dance.  She looked really pretty.

Bob is my best friend, although he can be a real jerk sometimes.

My cat is stupid – she refuses to drink out of anything but the toilet or the fish tank

Lit Terms                              Week 6

Epigram – a brief, witty saying or poem: 

·         “One bad apple spoils the barrel.” 

·         “There never was a good war or a bad peace.” ~ Ben Franklin

Epitaph – A short poem or verse written in memory of someone. 

·         Here lies Michael John Cotter, who I shot when he married my daughter.

Epithet – a word or phrase used in place of someone’s name.

·         “Hulk” Hogan

·         Alexander “The Great”

·         the “Material Girl”

·         Ivan “The Terrible”

·          “The Rock”

Epiphany – A sudden realization of something – the Lightbulb moment.  Eureka!

·         In Mary Poppins, the old banker has an ephiphany of understanding and laughs so hard at a joke about “A man with a wooden leg named Smith” that he actually dies.

Spelling – week 6

1.  Antarctic – The SOUTH pole

2.  Ascend – to go up

3.  Ascertain – To find out / figure out

4.  Assess – to judge / size up for quality

5.  Bankrupt – Broke

6.  Bouillon – a cube of meat extract used for making soup

                Bullion – A metal ingot or bar

                                Soup bouillon / gold bullion – pretty much the same pronunciation for both words

7.  Bouyant – Floats

8.  Bureau – Dresser / Government agency

9.  Capital – Money for projects

                Capitol – Chief city

10.  Carburetor – Engine part

Grammar – Gotta Love those verb forms!

·         Base form – Nothing added to the end.   The verb is in its natural state. 

o   Eat, Dance, Fly, Hike

·         Present Participle (Present progressive) – ING added to the end. 

o   Eating, Dancing, Flying, Hiking

·         Past – Usually ends with ED, but not always. 

o   Ate, Danced, Flew, Hiked

·         Past Participle (Past Progressive) – Similar to Past tense, but has a helping verb with it. 

o   Have flown, Have danced, Have eaten, Have hiked

Week 7:

·         Exposition – Writing that is intended to explain something that might otherwise be difficult to understand.  In a play or novel, it gives background information or the situation surrounding the story. 

·         Farce – Literature based on a humorous and improbable (unlikely) plot.

·         Motif – The term for an often repeated idea or theme in literature.  Conflict with nature, man, etc.

Cessation – to quit

Chauffeur – Driver

Circuit – Path for electricity

Clientele – customers

Coercion – Forcing

Collateral – Guarantee of payment

Colonel – Military rank – NOT Kernel (popcorn)

Commitment – promise to act

Committee – Group working on a common goal

Competitively – aggressively

Possessive Apostrophies – Warning:  May cause baldness or extreme frustration

To see if you need to make a possessive, turn the phrase around and make it an "of the..." phrase. For example:

the boy's hat = the hat of the boy
three days' journey = journey of three days

If the noun after "of" is a building, an object, or a piece of furniture, then no apostrophe is needed!

room of the hotel = hotel room
door of the car = car door
leg of the table = table leg

Once you've determined whether you need to make a possessive, follow these rules to create one.

·         Add   ‘s  to the singular form of the word – even if it ends in s

o    The owner’s car

o    The man’s cat

·         Add   ‘s to the plural forms that do NOT end in s

o    the children’s game

o    The geese’s honking

·         Add   ‘   to the end of plural nouns that end in s

o    The cats’ toys

o    The boys’ clothes

o    The girls’ dolls

·         Add   ‘s  to the end of compound words

o    My brother-in-law’s apartment

o    The mousetrap’s victim

·         Add   ‘s to the last noun to show joint possession of an object

o    Buster and Dave’s restaurant