1st Per - Continue working on Pet diaries.
2nd Per - Compare and contrast the Francis Bacon Article with the Queen Elizabeth article. Read the speech by the Duchess Catherine for discussion on Tuesday.
3rd Per - Lesson taught by Mrs. Henley. She covered subordinating, dependent and independent clauses and conjunctions. Here is the worksheet she had the students do together in class. The notes on these things come from the GRAMMAR textbook on the pages noted.
NOTES: Sentence Structures
simple sentences (174)
compound sentences (175-176)
simple or compound? (177)
complex sentences (179)
compound or complex? (175-179)
**compound-complex sentences (181)
complex or compound-complex? (179-181)
4th Per - 7th Grade:
Mrs. Henley taught a grammar lesson today on word analogies. Here are the notes and worksheets she used in class.
Directions: The analogies below are word problems that consist of two word pairs. 1) Look at the first pair and decide how the two words relate to each other. Then select one of the words below so the second pair of words have the same relationship. 2) On the blank side of the T-chart identify the relationship the two pair of words in the analogy share. (Number your work to its correlating problem.)
Worksheet #1
1. BRIGHT : SUN :: ______ : BOULDER
• ROCK
• HEAVY
• DARK
2. SLEEVE : SHIRT :: LENS : ______
• WINDOW
• CAMERA
• PICTURE
3. RURAL : URBAN :: WALK : ______
• RUN
• STROLL
• MOVE
4. LENS : CAMERA :: TREE : ______
• FOREST
• SHUTTER
• LEAVES
5. PRIVATE : PUBLIC :: CORRECTION : ______
• ERASE
• EDIT
• ERROR
6. BOLD : SHY :: COMPLIMENT : ______
• INSULT
• POLITE
• CONGRATULATE
7. POLITE : RUDE :: ______ : LUCK
• MISFORTUNE
• CHANCE
• GAMBLE
8. QUIVER : SHUDDER :: ______ : INFORM
• LIE
• TELL
• SECRET
9. TALL : MOUNTAIN :: REFRESHING : ______
• WATER
• COOL
• HILL
10. ERROR : MISTAKE :: ______ : LARGE
• HEAVY
• BIG
• LITTLE
11. DARK : LIGHT :: ______ : SHOUT
• YELL
• TALK
• WHISPER
12. FEAST : BANQUET :: WEEP : ______
• CRY
• YELL
• EAT
Word Analogy Answers
Worksheet #2:
7.1.1 (a) Information for students about analogies:
Solving Analogies
Solving analogies is a terrific way to sharpen your thinking skills. It also is a good way to prepare for standardized tests.
An analogy is a type of word problem that consists of two word pairs. To solve the analogy you must find a word that correctly completes the second pair. At first glance, the words in an analogy may seem to have nothing to do with each other, but the words are always logically related. The first pair of words has a relationship similar to the second pair of words. To solve the analogy, you need to figure out that relationship.
Example:
GRACEFUL : CLUMSY :: HOT : _______
1. Read the analogy like this: Graceful is to clumsy as hot is to ‘blank.’
2. Then ask yourself: What's the relationship between graceful and clumsy? These words have opposite meanings – they are antonyms – so the second pair of words must also be antonyms.
3. Fill in the blank with a word that means the opposite of hot, and you’ve solved the analogy. The best answer is COLD.
Common Analogy Types
The word pairs in an analogy often have one of the following relationships:
Antonyms: Words that have opposite meanings, as in HOT : COLD
Synonyms: Words that have the same or similar meanings, as in UNHAPPY : SAD
Descriptive: One word describes the other word, as in FAST : CHEETAH
Part to whole: One word is a part or piece of the other, as in PIECE : PUZZLE
Item to category: One word is an item in the category named by the other, as in
BASEBALL : SPORTS BALLS
Some analogies will not fit into the categories above.
Example:
PUPPY : DOG :: KITTEN : _______
1. Read the analogy like this: Puppy is to dog as kitten is to ‘blank.’ The first pair of words are not related in any of the ways listed above.
2. Try reading the analogy as a sentence that expresses the relationships between the words: A puppy is a young dog, as a kitten is a young....?
3. To solve this analogy, fill in the blank with a word that best completes this sentence. CAT is the best answer.
Make some up using vocabulary or spelling words:
Worksheet #3:
Analogies
Complete each analogy by writing the best word in the blank.
1. December is to winter as September is to _______________.
spring cooler school autumn
2. Good is to better as cool is to _______________.
cold good cooler warm
3. Water is to liquid as ice is to _______________.
snow freezing solid slippery
4. Maid is to trade as cool is to _______________.
lower chill neat rule
5. Milk is to refrigerator as ice cream is to _______________.
flavors scoop frozen freezer
6. Fahrenheit is to thirty-two as Celsius is to _______________.
zero degrees freezing thermometer
7. Rain is to drop as snow is to _______________.
flake shovel storm white
"The power of an analogy is that it can persuade people to transfer the feeling of certainty they have about one subject to another subject about which they may not have formed an opinion. But analogies are often intentionally misleading. Their weakness is that they rely on the dubious principle that, as one logic textbook puts it, 'because two things are similar in some respects they are similar in some other respects.' An error-producing 'fallacy of weak analogy' results when relevant differences outweigh relevant similarities."
(Adam Cohen, "An SAT Without Analogies Is Like: (A) A Confused Citizenry . . .." The New York Times, March 13, 2005)
1. Tooth: Dentist :: Hair: -?-
2. Pure: Purify :: Short: -?-
3. Soccer: Ball :: Badminton -?-
4. Loose: Tight :: Deep: -?-
5. Wise: Wisdom :: Rough: -?-
6. Big: Bigger :: Bad: -?-
7. Polite: Impolite :: Responsible: -?-
8. Soccer: Field :: Basketball: -?-
9. Help: Helper :: Sail: -?-
10. Give: Given :: Swell: -?-
11. Actor: Actress :: Widower: -?-
12. Dog: Bite :: Bee: -?-
13. Feet: Socks :: Hands: -?-
14. Cats: Meow :: Cows: -?-
15. Doctors: Patients :: Teachers: -?-
16. Roof: Roofs :: Wolf: -?-
17. Careful: Carefully :: Fast: -?-
18. Circle: Cylinder :: Triangle: -?-
19. Cat: Kitten :: Pig: -?-
20. Hyena: Mammal :: Crocodile: -?-
Students should be allowed to look at their textbooks during examinations. After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs to guide them during a trial, carpenters have blueprints to guide them when they are building a house. Why, then, shouldn’t students be allowed to look at their textbooks during an examination?'
"'There now,' she said enthusiastically, 'is the most marvy idea I’ve heard in years.'
"'Polly,' I said testily, 'the argument is all wrong. Doctors, lawyers, and carpenters aren’t taking a test to see how much they have learned, but students are. The situations are altogether different, and you can’t make an analogy between them.'
• (Max Shulman, The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis. Doubleday, 1951)
5th Per - 12th Grade:
We dissected Shakespeare's Sonnet 18 - "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" Students wrote the sonnet out on their white boards, dred horizontal lines between each syllable, and put accents over the accented syllables. Then I had students come up to the boards around the room and write down one line each which we are going to review as a class on Monday to see if we are all in agreement. I also told students to start thinking about writing their own sonnet. It is challenging to get one correct that actually makes sense.
6th Per - 10th Grade:
We read a plot summary for Act 1 of the Merchant of Venice. In order to understand Shakespeare, you need to have a good knowledge of history, Greek and Latin literature, and a large vocabulary. It is also really helpful to go find some notes, or other explanation of what you are supposed to be reading. This is building background knowledge. Here is the plot summary I found on-line for the first act:
Act I
The first act opens in a street in Venice, where Antonio, a wealthy middle-aged merchant, talking to two acquaintances, wonders why he feels vaguely sad and apprehensive. When his friends suggest that, having many vessels at sea exposed to all the winds that blow, he necessarily is anxious, he denies it, as he does also being in love.
Before the cause of this strange melancholy is discovered, Bassanio joins this group with two companions, who talk and laugh and appoint a meeting at dinner, although Antonio seems disinclined for festivities. Still, as he has remarked that everyman has some part to play in the world, one of the speakers, Gratiano, expresses a preference for the role of fool, mirth and laughter being more desirable than melancholy.
Left alone with Bassanio, Antonio comments on the nonsense just uttered, before inquiring with whom his friend has fallen in love. In reply Bassanio states that, although enamoured of a beautiful lady, he cannot sue for her hand, because he has squandered his fortune, and is deeply in debt to Antonio and others. Instead of reproaching him, Antonio generously consents to make another loan, which Bassanio accepts in hopes of making all good when he has won Portia, the lady of Belmont, with whom he has found favour, although she is besieged with suitors. Because all his funds are at present at sea, Antonio decides to use his credit to borrow the necessary sum for his friend's use.
We are next transported to Portia's dwelling, where she is expressing great weariness of the world to Nerissa, her companion, who slyly suggests her mistress is suffering from superfluity, rather than from any other complaint. She supports the good advice she gives with- maxims, which Portia scorns or caps, ere she attributes her troubles to her father's lottery, which leaves her no choice in regard to her future husband. This father, however, was wise and virtuous, as Nerissa maintains, and his lottery scheme shrewd, for he decreed that Portia's suitors should select among three chests one of gold, one of silver, and one of lead that containing her portrait, or forfeit her hand.
Many suitors have already come, whom Nerissa names while Portia pithily describes them, vowing she feels little inclination for the horsey Neapolitan, the melancholy German, the fickle Frenchman, the dumb Englishman, the niggardly Scotchman, or the drunken Saxon, who have come to woo. She therefore feels no regret when told that these suitors, dreading the test, are about to depart, and joyfully exclaims, 'I dote on their very absence!'
Then Nerissa states that no suitor ever seemed so attractive as the Venetian Bassanio, who visited them in her father's lifetime, a man whom Portia charily admits was worthy of praise. Their conversation is interrupted by the announcement that the strangers wish to take leave, and that a Moroccan prince has just arrived to undergo the casket test. After expressing great readiness to speed the parting guests, Portia idly wonders whether the newcomer will prove a bolder, or more acceptable suitor than his predecessors.
We now behold a public square in Venice, where Bassanio is asking the money-lending Jew, Shylock, to loan Antonio three thousand ducats for three months. Gravely repeating each statement, Shylock thoughtfully remarks Antonio is a good man, although his funds, at present invested in fleets, seem in jeopardy. After some hesitation, he asks to confer with Antonio in person, so Bassanio invites him to dine with them both, an invitation the Jew scorns, fearing viands {their food} unclean. He therefore retorts in surly tones, 'I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following, but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you.'
They are about to separate, when Antonio appears; whereupon Shylock mutters he hates him for being a Christian, and for lending money without interest, whereby sundry debtors have been saved from his clutches. On that account, he cherishes an 'ancient grudge' against Antonio, and, brooding upon past insults heaped upon him, determines to be revenged.
Pretending to consider the loan, he murmurs he can obtain the money from a fellow-countryman, so when Antonio joins them, there is some shrewd bargaining, in the course of which Shylock expresses ironical surprise that Antonio, who never deals with usurers, should apply to him. Confessing he has never done so before, and is breaking a rule merely to oblige his friend, Antonio listens to Shylock's exposition of Jacob's stratagem, which he quotes as a justification for usurious methods, adding piously that 'Thrift is blessing, if men steal it not.'
Carelessly retorting that even the devil quotes Scripture to attain his ends, Antonio shows contempt for such reasoning, while Shylock apparently cogitates on the subject of the loan. On being pressed to give a definite answer, he wonders that Antonio, who has frequently rated him on the Rialto, should apply to him for funds. His eloquent speech betrays how deeply such treatment rankles, but his manner is so offensive that Antonio haughtily informs him he will probably treat him with contumely again, and proposes borrowing only on a business basis. But, when he rashly offers to bind himself by any penalty the Jew chooses to impose, Shylock suddenly becomes pliant and friendly, and offers to loan the money without interest, provided Antonio will sign a bond pledging himself 'in a merry sport' to allow the Jew to cut a pound of his flesh on payment day, should the necessary sum not be forthcoming.
Believing such a condition imposed as a blind for granting a favour, Antonio gratefully accepts it, exclaiming: 'There is much kindness in the Jew' although Bassanio implores him not to subscribe to anything so extraordinary. To reassure his anxious friend, Antonio tells him that long before payment is due, he will have three times the amount at hand, and Shylock, fearing his revenge may escape him, urges immediate settlement, asseverating he would gain nothing by the forfeiture of the bond, as a pound of human flesh is of less value than the same amount of mutton.
Thus persuaded of Shylock's good faith, Antonio promises to meet him at the notary's, where, the document being signed, the money will be paid. So the Jew prepares to return home, where, an unscrupulous knave being in charge of his property, loss may accrue to him. He has no sooner departed, than Antonio vows he is growing kind, while Bassanio, who likes not 'fair terms and a villain's mind,' dreads the outcome of this affair, in spite of all his friend's confidence in his ventures.
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